Inward collapse of the transient crater walls was accomplished along detachment surfaces, now preserved as anastomosing networks of pseudotachylite-filled faults (Sudbury Breccia) tens of km in length. Large (km) displacements occurring on impact-induced ring faults can generate immense volumes of friction melt resulting in spectacular pseudotachylyte bodies up to 0.5 km thick and more than 10 km long. The crustal rocks underlying the crater would have experienced substantial fracturing from the impact and the shear concentration of the billions of tonnes of the metal-rich rock that subsequently formed could have easily have created more fracturing while sinking down deep into the crust. Pseudotachylite Sudbury Breccia (SB), a breccia having the aspect and the black color of a volcanic rock (a tachylite), was formed within these dykes when the high pressure from the meteorite impact was applied to these rocks and then abruptly released. 303-318. My father was involved in the mining industry before the onset of WWII and he always thought that the structure was somehow involved with volcanic activity. Price, G.D., Price, N.J., Decarli, P.S., and Clegg, R.A., Fracturing, thermal evolution and geophysical signature of the crater floor of a large impact structure: The case of the Sudbury Structure, Canada. A crater was formed 30 miles across and 2 miles deep. I remember being in high school when my science teacher mentioned that he had recently read a paper hypothesizing that the Sudbury Structure may be the result of a meteorite impact and that it had happened long before any life had evolved to survive on land (evolution was not allowed to be taught in Ontario schools at that time!). The relatively light weight, low cost and the versatility of thisslim-hole technology makes it the method of choice for the mineral explorationindustry worldwide. The Sudbury Structure is interpreted to represent the tectonized and deeply eroded remnant of a multi-ring or peak-ring impact basin (Stoffler et al). ["hyaline" means glass-like, transparent. Sudbury bedrock compilation;Geology: Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 4570, scale 1:50 000. Human Presence The Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines presents stories from the Sudbury area, where a meteorite impact 1.85 billion years ago resulted in rich nickel-copper ore deposits that have made the Greater Sudbury area world-famous. This is due to the abundance of ore deposits rich in nickel and copper, which were discovered here long before people were aware of the basins cosmic origin. However, if the finite-difference algorithm of Wheeler (1996) is used to calculate combined Ar loss and the accumulation of radiogenic Ar for the K-bearing phases, it is possible to reproduce the range of observed ages. This formed about 31,000 cubic kilometers of impact melt. Addison, W.D., Brumpton, G.R., Davis, D.W., Fralick, Philip W., and Kissin, S.A., 2010, Debrisites from the Sudbury impact event in Ontario, north of Lake Superior, and a new age constraint: Are they base-surge deposits or tsunami deposits? The team studied rocks in a massive crater in Sudbury, Ontario, where a deep basin was formed 1.85 billion years ago by a bolide, a meteor which exploded in the atmosphere. However, some of the deep crustal reflection imagescan be interpreted in a number of different ways that each honor the existingborehole, gravity and magnetic field data, as well as geological andstructural constraints. These dykes predate the formation Sudbury Meteorite Crater and possibly offered a weakness in the Levack Gneiss. [22], As a result of the 1917 Royal Ontario Nickel Commission, which was chaired by Englishman George Thomas Holloway, the legislative structure of the prospecting trade was significantly altered. Buy From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City: A Historical Geography of Greater Sudbury on Amazon.com FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders Amazon.com: From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City: A Historical Geography of Greater Sudbury: 9781554588374: Saarinen, Oiva W.: Books (Spray, Thompson 1996). Price: AU $349.00. However, after the meteorite impact, these iron deposits stopped forming worldwide for about 500 or 600 million years. Large slice Sudbury crater Canada, Impact melt, cut & polished. The mining took a toll on the landscape, polluting the region with sulfur dioxide and metals released during smelting processes. Basically these rock fragments went up hundreds of km and then hours later plopped into this still molten rock. SUD356. One dramatic example of this rock occurs at Hillcrest Parkin the City of Thunder Bay . The Sudbury Structure is interpreted to represent the tectonized and deeply eroded remnant of a multi-ring or peak-ring impact basin (Stoffler et al). In the immediate area of the shattered bedrock are samples of the Matachewan dykes. Paul Weiblen, Sudbury impact breccia Forest Fire on the Gunflint Trail leads to discovery of further evidence for an ancient, giant meteorite impact at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. We propose a new working model in which only the lower part of the Onaping Formation was derived by explosive melt-fuel-coolant interaction when seawater flooded onto the impact melt sheet in the basin floor. Scientists believe such warm mineral-rich venues could have played a role in the early development of life on Earth. This is about six times the volume of lakes Huron and Ontario combined, and nearly 70 percent more than the melt at Chicxulub (Pope, Geo Eco Arc Research). The distributions of carbon and sulfur in the Sudbury structure were likely the result of an impact event. (Richard Grieve, Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa). Sudbury ejecta and elucidate impactor type by documenting and interpreting the sedimentology and platinum group element (PGE) chemistry of the Sudbury ejecta horizon in two drill cores from. The. All holes were drilled from a singular location to try and determine the strike, dip and extension to depth of the A-1 surface gold showing. the Archean-age (>2.5 billion-year-old) Superior Geologic or Structural Province, situated to west and north of the structure, and; the Proterozoic-age (>1.9 billion-year-old) Southern Geologic or Structural Province Huronian Supergroup, deformed by the (1.9 billion year-old) Penokean orogeny , and situated to west, south and east of the Sudbury Structure. We petrographically and geochemically examined lapilli from five sites (McClure, Connors Creek, Hwy 588, Pine River, and Grand Trunk Pacific, approximately 480750km from the center of the Sudbury structure). They are commonly found beneath impact crater floors, usually in the central uplifts of complex impact structures, but they may also be observed in isolated rock fragments within brecciated units. Search for other works by this author on: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1975) 12 (4): 629635. The results show that the pseudotachylytes were produced in high-speed slip zones by the frictional comminution and selective melting of wall rock lithologies. Mechanisms previously proposed for accretionary lapilli formation seem inadequate to explain deposition of distal accretionary lapilli resulting from impact events. Interestingly, they were in a coarse sandstone that had discontinuous thin blebs of cherty quartz that gave me the impression of being fiamme. 2). 2. Small volcanic fragments of the crash remain . The Sudbury Basin in Ontario, Canada, is 39 miles long and 19 miles wide - and 9.3 miles deep. The origins of a massive 1.8 billion-year-old crater in Canada has been revealed. Some data interpretations place potential hosts forimportant ore deposits close enough to surface to permit future exploitation,with obvious economic ramifications. The inner zones are coarser grained than outer zones. The impact melts may not fully cool for hundreds of thousands of years. The development of a mining settlement occurred in 1883 after blasting at the railway construction site revealed a large concentration of nickel and copper ore at what is now the Murray Mine site, named by owners William and Thomas Murray. 50 years ago, astronauts trained in Sudbury, Ont., for the Apollo 16 moon mission. Piccaninny Impact Structure, Western Australia, Bulls Eye The Richat Structure, Mauritania, NASA Goddard Space Of known meteorite impact origin (e.g., meteor crater, arizona; 1850 my ago, there was a huge impact crater formed at sudbury, ontario, 500 km e of negaunee. The collision punctured Earths crust, allowing material from the mantle to well up from below and fill the basin with melted rock. The . The dykes containing the pseudotachylite were welded shut as soon as the motion created by the impact stopped. An impact crater 250 kilometres wide is created, which forms the second biggest known crater on our planet (Figure 2). The Sudbury basin was formed by a 10-15 km wide asteroid or comet impacting a shallow sea in what is now central Ontario, Canada 1.85 billion years ago. Lateral collapse and structural uplift in the center worked together to form a crater approximately 200 km in diameter. The Blezardian orogeny caused the formation of basement-cored tight folds in the metasediments, which were peneplained and submerged by 1850 Ma. 277-281. As such, it is the premier locality on Earth to study processes related to impact and planetary accretion, as well as a wide range of magmatic processes including the generation of large magmatic sulfide deposits. International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetray Evolution, LPI Contribution No. It is currently exposed as an elliptical 60 x 30 km, 2.5 km thick remnant of the original impact melt sheet and consists, from bottom to top, of inclusion-rich, in places ore-bearing, quartz diorite sub layer, norite, quartz gabbro, and granophyre layers, and, within the target rocks surrounding the SIC, the quartz dioritic offset dikes. 1878 Ma and 1836 Ma. The colour of the rock is not uniform indicating that the carbon is not uniformly distributed. A large impactor would blast away this weight, releasing the pressure on the buried rocks and causing the underlying minerals to melt. Approximately 4 km of erosion over the eons has obliterated the crater rim. Please search for specific craters. The story that began billions of years ago encompasses dramatic physical and human events. PDF in quartz, feldspar and zircon grains; overturned collar rocks of South Range structure, and; brecciation of country rocks occurring up to 80 km from the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Associated Press: "Ontario crater debris found in Minn.", Bemocked of Destiny: The Actual Struggles and Experiences of a Canadian Pioneer, and the Recollections of a Lifetime / By Aeneas McCharles. Most of my aerial images of the Sudbury Structure were taken from an altitude of 2000 feet above ground. 1992. From stratigraphical considerations, the lignite layers could have been deposited in the very center of the Rubielos de la Crida structure. The Sudbury Impact Basin is the deeply eroded remains of the 1.85 Ga original bolide impact that formed a 200-250 km multi ring crater with a core comprising of an elliptical, 60 x 30 km layered 2.5 km thick impact melt sheet referred to as the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). The entire period of activity of a fault filled with pseudotachylite may be measured in minutes. The Sudbury region is part of the Canadian Shield region, and is characterized by glaciated granitic rocks, having complex tectonic structures and signatures attributed to a major meteorite. The Sudbury Structure is situated within a unique Geotectonic setting in northeastern Ontario, being sandwiched between: The transgressive nature of the passive margin produced a sequence which onlapped and thinned progressively toward the northwest. Reports published in the late 1960s described geological features that were said to be distinctive of meteorite impact, including shatter cones[12] and shock-deformed quartz crystals in the underlying rock.
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