Table 2 summarizes the signs and symptoms of acute exposures to commonly used fungicides. When miosis is a symptom of an underlying disease, the treatment addresses the underlying disease. Most patients exposed to organophosphates come into contact with insecticides. Physostigmine originates from the Calabar bean, widely found in the African tropics. The study looked at data for 108 children aged 16 and under who received treatment for organophosphate poisoning in one hospital in 2019. Mild symptoms. The first organophosphate insecticide was created in the mid-1800s but was not widely used until after World War II. Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. Start with 1-2 g (20-40 mg/kg) IV in 100 mL isotonic sodium chloride over 15-30 min; repeat in 1 h if muscle weakness is not relieved; then repeat q3-8h if signs of poisoning recur; other dosing regimens have been used, including continuous drip. Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness is a chronic and multi-symptomatic disorder affecting military veterans of both sides of the 19901991 Persian Gulf War. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . Guanitoxin is a naturally occurring organophosphate produced by cyanobacteria.. much longer than the basic treatment for poisoning. Acetylecholinesterate Poisoning: Treatment. Organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a frequent reason for admission to hospitals and Intensive Care Units in developing countries. To prevent these types of poisonings, fungicide treatment now includes a brightly colored dye to clearly indicate that the seed has been treated. It is recommended that 3 auto-injectors be available for each person at risk of nerve agent or organophosphate insecticide poisoning: 1 for mild symptoms, plus 2 more for severe symptoms. Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide.Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets; however, resistance of mosquitos and bed bugs to deltamethrin has seen a widespread increase.. Deltamethrin is toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish. Most patients exposed to organophosphates come into contact with insecticides. The study looked at data for 108 children aged 16 and under who received treatment for organophosphate poisoning in one hospital in 2019. The term ultimately derives from the Greek term (pharmakon) antidoton, "(medicine) given as a remedy".Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents.. It can be caused by large or small doses. Introduction. A colourless, odourless liquid, it is used as a chemical weapon due to its extreme potency as a nerve agent.Exposure is lethal even at very low concentrations, where death can occur within one to ten minutes after direct inhalation of a lethal dose, due to To prevent these types of poisonings, fungicide treatment now includes a brightly colored dye to clearly indicate that the seed has been treated. Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Standard treatment for nerve agent poisoning is a combination of an anticholinergic to manage the symptoms, Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is a major cause of disability in many developing countries and is often the preferred method of The types of supportive medical care would depend on several factors, such as the route by which victims were poisoned (that is, whether poisoning was by inhalation, ingestion, or skin or eye exposure). Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness is a chronic and multi-symptomatic disorder affecting military veterans of both sides of the 19901991 Persian Gulf War. Guanitoxin is a naturally occurring organophosphate produced by cyanobacteria.. The Journal of Pediatrics is an international peer-reviewed journal that advances pediatric research and serves as a practical guide for pediatricians who manage health and diagnose and treat disorders in infants, children, and adolescents.The Journal publishes original work based on standards of excellence and expert review. However, nerve agents are much more potent than organophosphate pesticides. The term mushroom refers to the fungal fruiting body. The term ultimately derives from the Greek term (pharmakon) antidoton, "(medicine) given as a remedy".Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents.. OPEs were measured in high frequency in air and water and widely distributed in northern hemisphere. The drug pralidoxime (2-PAM) can be used to treat organophosphate poisoning. Introduction. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents. Nicotine poisoning can potentially be deadly, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. Organophosphate toxicity is classically associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms A wide range of acute and chronic symptoms have been linked to it, including fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, insomnia, rashes and diarrhea. Typical symptoms of organophosphate poisoning include salivation, lacrimation, urination and bowel movements, stomach cramps, and vomiting (SLUDGE). Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. Organophosphate poisoning can be short- or long-term. The Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) are self-instructional, continuing-education primers designed to increase primary care providers' knowledge of hazardous substances and aid in the evaluation of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances Sarin (NATO designation GB [short for G-series, "B"]) is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. However, the term may refer to many stemless gilled fungi with varying forms such as the "morel," "puffball," or "stinkhorn." Cyanide Poisoning (7 drugs) Ethylene Glycol Poisoning (2 drugs) Gold Poisoning (2 drugs in 3 topics) Iron Poisoning (4 drugs in 3 topics) Lead Poisoning (6 drugs in 3 topics) Mercury Poisoning (2 drugs) Methanol Poisoning (2 drugs) Nerve Agent Poisoning (5 drugs) Organophosphate Poisoning (7 drugs in 2 topics) Remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water The term mushroom refers to the fungal fruiting body. The Journal seeks to publish high Now Free Online - The Consumer Version of the Merck Manuals (known as the MSD Manuals outside of US & Canada) is the standard in home medical reference - since 1899. Nicotine poisoning can potentially be deadly, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. It is used to treat organophosphate poisoning in conjunction with atropine and either diazepam or midazolam.It is a white solid. Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). It has also been found to be effective in the treatment of other addictions and may be used for them off-label. The longer the exposure and the larger the dose, the more toxic the effects. Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide. The detection of OPEs in the air as far away as Antarctica at concentrations around 1 ng/m 3 suggests their persistence in air, and their potential for long-range transport. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents. Case Definition: Nerve Agents or Organophosphates; Toxic Syndrome Description: Nerve Agent and Organophosphate Pesticide Poisoning; Sarin; Soman; Tabun; VX; Nicotine plus icon. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, It is a tertiary amine and a reversible cholinergic medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. Organophosphates are used as medications, insecticides, and nerve agents as a weapon. Treatment is specific and often dependent on pesticide type or class. Treatment is specific and often dependent on pesticide type or class. It can be caused by large or small doses. Organophosphate toxicity is classically associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition. More recent cases of poisoning typically appear to be in the form of Typical symptoms of organophosphate poisoning include salivation, lacrimation, urination and bowel movements, stomach cramps, and vomiting (SLUDGE). The detection of OPEs in the air as far away as Antarctica at concentrations around 1 ng/m 3 suggests their persistence in air, and their potential for long-range transport. A colourless, odourless liquid, it is used as a chemical weapon due to its extreme potency as a nerve agent.Exposure is lethal even at very low concentrations, where death can occur within one to ten minutes after direct inhalation of a lethal dose, due to Acetylecholinesterate Poisoning: Treatment. The Journal seeks to publish high As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. To prevent these types of poisonings, fungicide treatment now includes a brightly colored dye to clearly indicate that the seed has been treated. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms Physostigmine originates from the Calabar bean, widely found in the African tropics. The first organophosphate insecticide was created in the mid-1800s but was not widely used until after World War II. If a pesticide is The drug pralidoxime (2-PAM) can be used to treat organophosphate poisoning. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. More recent cases of poisoning typically appear to be in the form of Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness is a chronic and multi-symptomatic disorder affecting military veterans of both sides of the 19901991 Persian Gulf War. Atropine, a tropane alkaloid, is an enantiomeric mixture of d-hyoscyamine and l-hyoscyamine, with most of its physiological effects due to l-hyoscyamine.Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.It is an antimuscarinic agent. Organophosphate or Carbamate (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) Poisoning Symptoms of organophosphate and/or carbamate poisoning. The detection of OPEs in the air as far away as Antarctica at concentrations around 1 ng/m 3 suggests their persistence in air, and their potential for long-range transport. Case Definition: Nerve Agents or Organophosphates; Toxic Syndrome Description: Nerve Agent and Organophosphate Pesticide Poisoning; Sarin; Soman; Tabun; VX; Nicotine plus icon. The types of supportive medical care would depend on several factors, such as the route by which victims were poisoned (that is, whether poisoning was by inhalation, ingestion, or skin or eye exposure). OPEs were measured in high frequency in air and water and widely distributed in northern hemisphere. Acute poisoning in a child following topical treatment of head lice (pediculosis capitis) with an organophosphate pesticide. Organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a frequent reason for admission to hospitals and Intensive Care Units in developing countries. Anatomically, the prototypical mushroom comprises the stem and a cap with gills on the underside. Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Mild symptoms. Standard treatment for nerve agent poisoning is a combination of an anticholinergic to manage the symptoms, Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is a major cause of disability in many developing countries and is often the preferred method of Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder. If someone in the United States suspects gasoline exposure or poisoning, they should immediately call Poison Control on 800-222-1222, and an expert will provide care instructions. Approximately 250,000 of the 697,000 U.S. veterans who The gills of the mushroom produce spores which aid in the propagation of the Start with 1-2 g (20-40 mg/kg) IV in 100 mL isotonic sodium chloride over 15-30 min; repeat in 1 h if muscle weakness is not relieved; then repeat q3-8h if signs of poisoning recur; other dosing regimens have been used, including continuous drip. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. It is a tertiary amine and a reversible cholinergic medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. Anatomically, the prototypical mushroom comprises the stem and a cap with gills on the underside. This activity will highlight As with all pesticide poisonings, time is extremely critical. Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Standard treatment for nerve agent poisoning is a combination of an anticholinergic to manage the symptoms, Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is a major cause of disability in many developing countries and is often the preferred method of Acute poisoning in a child following topical treatment of head lice (pediculosis capitis) with an organophosphate pesticide. The Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) are self-instructional, continuing-education primers designed to increase primary care providers' knowledge of hazardous substances and aid in the evaluation of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or iodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase. The Journal seeks to publish high Guanitoxin is a naturally occurring organophosphate produced by cyanobacteria.. The term mushroom refers to the fungal fruiting body. Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide.Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets; however, resistance of mosquitos and bed bugs to deltamethrin has seen a widespread increase.. Deltamethrin is toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish. Treatment is specific and often dependent on pesticide type or class. Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). Pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control pests harm humans, wildlife. Treatment. Table 2 summarizes the signs and symptoms of acute exposures to commonly used fungicides. As a symptom of disease. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. Typical symptoms of organophosphate poisoning include salivation, lacrimation, urination and bowel movements, stomach cramps, and vomiting (SLUDGE). Pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control pests harm humans, wildlife. Treatment. Cyanide Poisoning (7 drugs) Ethylene Glycol Poisoning (2 drugs) Gold Poisoning (2 drugs in 3 topics) Iron Poisoning (4 drugs in 3 topics) Lead Poisoning (6 drugs in 3 topics) Mercury Poisoning (2 drugs) Methanol Poisoning (2 drugs) Nerve Agent Poisoning (5 drugs) Organophosphate Poisoning (7 drugs in 2 topics) The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons, even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage.Drug overdose is sometimes used as a means to commit suicide, as the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of medication. Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. Organophosphates are used as medications, insecticides, and nerve agents as a weapon. Toxic Syndrome Description: Vesicant/Blister Agent Poisoning; Nerve agents plus icon. Organophosphate or Carbamate (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) Poisoning Symptoms of organophosphate and/or carbamate poisoning. Approximately 250,000 of the 697,000 U.S. veterans who The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons, even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage.Drug overdose is sometimes used as a means to commit suicide, as the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of medication. As a symptom of disease. Table 2 summarizes the signs and symptoms of acute exposures to commonly used fungicides. Sarin (NATO designation GB [short for G-series, "B"]) is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. This activity will highlight The longer the exposure and the larger the dose, the more toxic the effects. Although generally considered safe to use Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder. Atropine, a tropane alkaloid, is an enantiomeric mixture of d-hyoscyamine and l-hyoscyamine, with most of its physiological effects due to l-hyoscyamine.Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.It is an antimuscarinic agent. The study looked at data for 108 children aged 16 and under who received treatment for organophosphate poisoning in one hospital in 2019. Pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control pests harm humans, wildlife. It has also been found to be effective in the treatment of other addictions and may be used for them off-label. It is recommended that 3 auto-injectors be available for each person at risk of nerve agent or organophosphate insecticide poisoning: 1 for mild symptoms, plus 2 more for severe symptoms. A colourless, odourless liquid, it is used as a chemical weapon due to its extreme potency as a nerve agent.Exposure is lethal even at very low concentrations, where death can occur within one to ten minutes after direct inhalation of a lethal dose, due to Symptomatic ricin poisoning is treated by giving victims supportive medical care to minimize the effects of the poisoning. Physostigmine originates from the Calabar bean, widely found in the African tropics. Organophosphate toxicity is classically associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The Journal of Pediatrics is an international peer-reviewed journal that advances pediatric research and serves as a practical guide for pediatricians who manage health and diagnose and treat disorders in infants, children, and adolescents.The Journal publishes original work based on standards of excellence and expert review. It is recommended that 3 auto-injectors be available for each person at risk of nerve agent or organophosphate insecticide poisoning: 1 for mild symptoms, plus 2 more for severe symptoms. much longer than the basic treatment for poisoning. However, the term may refer to many stemless gilled fungi with varying forms such as the "morel," "puffball," or "stinkhorn." It can be caused by large or small doses. Approximately 250,000 of the 697,000 U.S. veterans who [1,2,3] The traditional approach to clinical features in acute OP poisoning has centered on receptor specific effects on muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system (CNS) receptors that result in diverse symptoms and An opioid-dependent person should not receive Now Free Online - The Consumer Version of the Merck Manuals (known as the MSD Manuals outside of US & Canada) is the standard in home medical reference - since 1899. Symptomatic ricin poisoning is treated by giving victims supportive medical care to minimize the effects of the poisoning. This activity will highlight It is a tertiary amine and a reversible cholinergic medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. The Journal of Pediatrics is an international peer-reviewed journal that advances pediatric research and serves as a practical guide for pediatricians who manage health and diagnose and treat disorders in infants, children, and adolescents.The Journal publishes original work based on standards of excellence and expert review. If a pesticide is Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. The gills of the mushroom produce spores which aid in the propagation of the Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms Organophosphate poisoning can be short- or long-term. Remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. When miosis is a symptom of an underlying disease, the treatment addresses the underlying disease. Anatomically, the prototypical mushroom comprises the stem and a cap with gills on the underside. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. The gills of the mushroom produce spores which aid in the propagation of the Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. Organophosphate poisoning can be short- or long-term. However, nerve agents are much more potent than organophosphate pesticides. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide.Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets; however, resistance of mosquitos and bed bugs to deltamethrin has seen a widespread increase.. Deltamethrin is toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish. Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide. Cyanide Poisoning (7 drugs) Ethylene Glycol Poisoning (2 drugs) Gold Poisoning (2 drugs in 3 topics) Iron Poisoning (4 drugs in 3 topics) Lead Poisoning (6 drugs in 3 topics) Mercury Poisoning (2 drugs) Methanol Poisoning (2 drugs) Nerve Agent Poisoning (5 drugs) Organophosphate Poisoning (7 drugs in 2 topics) Sarin (NATO designation GB [short for G-series, "B"]) is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. They are similar to pesticides (insect killing chemicals) called organophosphates in terms of how they work and what kinds of harmful effects they cause. Significant levels are achieved in the CNS within 30 minutes to 1 hour and disappears rapidly from the blood with a The Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) are self-instructional, continuing-education primers designed to increase primary care providers' knowledge of hazardous substances and aid in the evaluation of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances much longer than the basic treatment for poisoning. Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder. Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or iodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase. Case Definition: Nerve Agents or Organophosphates; Toxic Syndrome Description: Nerve Agent and Organophosphate Pesticide Poisoning; Sarin; Soman; Tabun; VX; Nicotine plus icon. It is used to treat organophosphate poisoning in conjunction with atropine and either diazepam or midazolam.It is a white solid. As a symptom of disease. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. It has also been found to be effective in the treatment of other addictions and may be used for them off-label. An opioid-dependent person should not receive Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. [1,2,3] The traditional approach to clinical features in acute OP poisoning has centered on receptor specific effects on muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system (CNS) receptors that result in diverse symptoms and Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. While onset of symptoms is often within minutes to hours, some symptoms can take weeks to appear. The longer the exposure and the larger the dose, the more toxic the effects. Although generally considered safe to use Fortunately, good antidotes are available for victims of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning at emergency treatment centers, hospitals, and many physicians offices. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . Remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water Introduction. Most patients exposed to organophosphates come into contact with insecticides. An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. Symptomatic ricin poisoning is treated by giving victims supportive medical care to minimize the effects of the poisoning. Fortunately, good antidotes are available for victims of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning at emergency treatment centers, hospitals, and many physicians offices. When miosis is a symptom of an underlying disease, the treatment addresses the underlying disease. Acute poisoning in a child following topical treatment of head lice (pediculosis capitis) with an organophosphate pesticide. A wide range of acute and chronic symptoms have been linked to it, including fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, insomnia, rashes and diarrhea. However, the term may refer to many stemless gilled fungi with varying forms such as the "morel," "puffball," or "stinkhorn." As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. OPEs were measured in high frequency in air and water and widely distributed in northern hemisphere. Toxic Syndrome Description: Vesicant/Blister Agent Poisoning; Nerve agents plus icon. The drug pralidoxime (2-PAM) can be used to treat organophosphate poisoning. If a pesticide is Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide. However, nerve agents are much more potent than organophosphate pesticides. Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Now Free Online - The Consumer Version of the Merck Manuals (known as the MSD Manuals outside of US & Canada) is the standard in home medical reference - since 1899. Significant levels are achieved in the CNS within 30 minutes to 1 hour and disappears rapidly from the blood with a Acetylecholinesterate Poisoning: Treatment. A wide range of acute and chronic symptoms have been linked to it, including fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, insomnia, rashes and diarrhea. The first organophosphate insecticide was created in the mid-1800s but was not widely used until after World War II. More recent cases of poisoning typically appear to be in the form of They are similar to pesticides (insect killing chemicals) called organophosphates in terms of how they work and what kinds of harmful effects they cause. Atropine, a tropane alkaloid, is an enantiomeric mixture of d-hyoscyamine and l-hyoscyamine, with most of its physiological effects due to l-hyoscyamine.Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.It is an antimuscarinic agent. Significant levels are achieved in the CNS within 30 minutes to 1 hour and disappears rapidly from the blood with a Start with 1-2 g (20-40 mg/kg) IV in 100 mL isotonic sodium chloride over 15-30 min; repeat in 1 h if muscle weakness is not relieved; then repeat q3-8h if signs of poisoning recur; other dosing regimens have been used, including continuous drip. Toxic Syndrome Description: Vesicant/Blister Agent Poisoning; Nerve agents plus icon. As with all pesticide poisonings, time is extremely critical. The types of supportive medical care would depend on several factors, such as the route by which victims were poisoned (that is, whether poisoning was by inhalation, ingestion, or skin or eye exposure). Organophosphate or Carbamate (Cholinesterase Inhibitors) Poisoning Symptoms of organophosphate and/or carbamate poisoning. It is used to treat organophosphate poisoning in conjunction with atropine and either diazepam or midazolam.It is a white solid. 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