Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. 5 and Rev. Please contact the Vendor Help Desk at: 225-342-8010or Vendr_inq@la.gov. You must be logged into your Response, and in the Edit mode to answerthese questions. 7 Specifically, the statute establishing ERA1 requires grantees to establish data privacy and security requirements for certain information regarding applicants that (i) include appropriate measures to ensure that the privacy of the individuals and households is protected; (ii) provide that the information, including any personally identifiable information, is collected and used only for the purpose of submitting reports to Treasury; and (iii) provide confidentiality protections for data collected about any individuals who are survivors of intimate partner violence, sexual assault, or stalking. Waldo CR. Final regulations provide that the requirement to report contributor names and addresses on annual returns generally applies only to returns filed by Section Stress researchers have studied traumatic events, eventful life stressors, chronic stress, and role strains, as well as daily hassles and even nonevents as varied components of stress (Dohrenwend, 1998a). Shadish WR, Haddock CK. Q: How do I know if a bid can be submitted online? ERA funds may be used to provide assistance to eligible households to cover prospective relocation assistance, rent, and utility or home energy costs, including after an eviction. Meyer IH. Working in a majority context: A structural model of heterosexism as minority stress in the workplace. Mental health issues of gay and lesbian adolescents. Frable DE, Wortman C, Joseph J. Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (Treasury); HOME Investment Partnerships Program (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)); Indian Housing Block Grant Program (HUD); Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly (HUD); Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities (HUD); Farm Labor Housing Direct Loans and Grants (U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)); Multifamily Preservation and Revitalization Program (USDA). A: The majority of statewide contracts are awarded for a 12 month period with two (2) 12 month renewal options, not to exceed 36 months. In: Sutterley DS, Donnelly GF, editors. The interim guidance required grantees to report limited data elements for the first quarter of 2021, as well as monthly for April to August. It is conceptually difficult because the notion of stress, in particular as conceived of by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), has focused on personal rather than social elements (Hobfoll, 1998). Grantees should establish a preference system for assistance that prioritizes assistance to households with incomes less than 50 percent area median income8 and to households with one or more members that have been unemployed for at least 90 days. This form is to be used when the Assignor and the Assignee are in different locations and require the use of more than one Notary Public. Research has also suggested a relationship between internalized homophobia and various forms of self-harm, including eating disorders (Williamson, 2000) and HIV-risk-taking behaviors (Meyer & Dean, 1998), although Shidlo (1994) failed to show this relationship. If an estimated payment is subsequently found to have been used for an ineligible household or an ineligible expense, or if the required documentation is not timely submitted, the payment will be considered an ineligible use of ERA funds by the grantee. The optical reading process is described by, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Analog vs. Digital - learn.sparkfun.com", "Analogdigital circuit for motion detection based on vertebrate retina and its application to mobile robot", "4.3 Optical gyros based on a fiber ring laser", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Signal&oldid=1118384237, Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2018, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 18:39. Karestan Koenen, Bruce Link, Gerald Oppenheimer, and Sharon Schwartz for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this article and Dr. Ken Cheung for statistical consultation. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) described social structures as distal concepts whose effects on an individual depend on how they are manifested in the immediate context of thought, feeling, and actionthe proximal social experiences of a persons life (p. 321). n This indicates that compared with heterosexual men and women, gay men and lesbians are about 2.5 times more likely to have had a mental disorder at any point over their lifetime. Modern writers have agreed that positive coping is common and beneficial to members of minority groups (Clark et al., 1999). Further, the revised award term for ERA1 no longer requires grantees to deduct administrative costs charged to the award from the amount available for housing stability services. Risk Management Magazine. If an administrator needs to remove a secondary user on the account, these 02 03 suffix users can either be deleted, or their information can be revised to reflect a new users information. In appropriate cases, grantees may rely on an attestation from a caseworker or other professional with knowledge of a households circumstances to certify that an applicants household income qualifies for assistance. T Current observers continue to call for researchers to move from viewing minority group members as passive victims of prejudice to viewing them as actors who interact effectively with society (Clark et al., 1999; Crocker & Major, 1989). Digital signals are quantized, while analog signals are continuous. These requirements are described below.2. The nature of stressors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For example, if the applicant provides income information for two months, the grantee should multiply it by six to determine the annual amount. A grantee may structure a program to provide less than full coverage of arrears. ) A: There is no fee to register online in LaGov. Therefore, grantees may establish prudent information sharing arrangements with utility providers and landlords for determining household eligibility. In: Swim JK, Stangor C, editors. Gergen KJ. Studies demonstrated that social stressors are associated with mental health outcomes in LGB people, supporting formulations of minority stress. On the basis of minority stress formulations one can hypothesize that LGB people would have higher prevalences of disorders because the putative excess in exposure to stress would cause an increase in prevalence of any disorder that is affected by stress (Dohrenwend, 2000). In: Heatherton TF, Kleck RE, Hebl MR, Hull JG, editors. The stress process revisited: Reflections on concepts and their interrelationships. (W9,Corporate Name Change, Assignment of Proceeds, Contract Usage Reporting, etc). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Grantees may use ERA2 funds as part of the financing for a mixed-income housing project if the total financing made up of ERA2 award funds does not exceed the total development costs attributable to affordable rental housing units serving very low-income families.6 For example, if 25 percent of a projects units will be reserved for very low-income families and 20 percent of the total costs of all housing units in the project are attributable to such reserved units, then ERA2 funds may be used to pay for up to 20 percent of the total development costs. Gay men and lesbians are also discriminated against in the workplace. Therefore, Treasury strongly encourages grantees to rely on the self-certification of applicants with regard to whether their financial hardship meets these statutory eligibility requirements. A: If the state issues a competitive bid and awards a purchase order for an item(s) with a Repurchase Clause on the PO, the state may, with the vendors agreement, repurchase that same item from the successful vendor at the same price, terms, and conditions, for a period of up to 1 year, not to exceed 100% of the original PO amount. There are several important limitations to my review. Much of the literature on internalized homophobia has come from theoretical writings and clinical observations, but some research has been published. Yet, an overall trend appears clear. Barney loves you. The .gov means its official. Find the right learning path for you. Sandfort TG, de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Schnabel P. Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). t Q: Where do I attach my Attachments for the bid? But the research did not accurately operationalize the scientific question. contact a provincial government advisor for help with your check list and application. Handbook of feminist therapy: Womens issues in psychotherapy. Systems also can be transformed between these domains like signals, with continuous to s and discrete to z. Cabaj RP. However, if an ERA2 grantee chooses to seek the cooperation of landlords or utility providers before providing assistance directly to tenants, Treasury strongly encourages the grantee to apply the same ERA1 requirements as described above. Compensating for prejudice: How heavyweight people (and others) control outcomes despite prejudice. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. {\displaystyle x(t)=x(-t)}. Thus, structural discrimination, which characterizes differences between minority and nonminority groups, are not always evident in the within-group assessments reviewed above (Rose, 1985; Schwartz & Carpenter, 1999). In ERA1, financial assistance for prospective rent payments is limited to three months based on any application by or on behalf of the household, except that the household may receive assistance for prospective rent payments for additional months (i) subject to the availability of remaining funds currently allocated to the grantee, and (ii) based on a subsequent application for additional assistance. This distinction may lead to a greater impact of minority stress among LGB individuals as compared with race/ethnic minorities. Q: Why dont I have an Edit button after creating a Response? Q: If a bid is listed as an Online Bid, can I still submit my bid by mail? One tool for accomplishing this is the creation of comprehensive grants management policies as outlined in Minnesota Statute 16B.97 sub. Yes. The studies (Atkinson et al., 1988; Cochran & Mays, 2000a, 2000b; Fergusson et al., 1999; Gilman et al., 2001; Mays & Cochran, 2001; Pillard, 1988; Saghir et al., 1970a, 1970b; Sandfort et al., 2001) and their results are reported in Table 1. Once expressed as an electronic signal, the signal is available for further processing by electrical devices such as electronic amplifiers and filters, and can be transmitted to a remote location by a transmitter and received using radio receivers. de Monteflores C, Schultz SJ. A 1999 study of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry used particularly convincing methodology to study differences in suicidality between twins (Herrell et al., 1999); it found that gay or bisexual men were six times more likely than their heterosexual twins to have attempted suicide. ERA assistance may be provided only to eligible households, which is defined by statute to include only households that are obligated to pay rent on a residential dwelling. In: Heatherton TF, Kleck RE, Hebl MR, Hull JG, editors. Unlike the concept of life events, which holds that stress stems from some concrete offense (e.g., antigay violence), here it is not necessary that any prejudice event has actually occurred. In human engineering, signals are typically provided by a sensor, and often the original form of a signal is converted to another form of energy using a transducer. Any order is not binding upon JetBrains until accepted by JetBrains. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. If a household does not have a signed lease, documentation of residence may include evidence of paying utilities for the residential unit, an attestation by a landlord who can be identified as the verified owner or management agent of the unit, or other reasonable documentation as determined by the grantee. Such services may include, among other things, eviction prevention and eviction diversion programs; mediation between landlords and tenants; housing counseling; fair housing counseling; housing navigators or promotoras that help households access ERA programs or find housing; case management related to housing stability; housing-related services for survivors of domestic abuse or human trafficking; legal services or attorneys fees related to eviction proceedings and maintaining housing stability; and specialized services for individuals with disabilities or seniors that support their ability to access or maintain housing. A: If an RFx is posted as a fax bid, language stating this will be clearly stated on the RFx bid form front page, along with the fax number that bids must be sent to. Under ERA1, not more than 10 percent of the amount paid to a grantee may be used for administrative costs attributable to providing financial assistance and housing stability services to eligible households. In: Ellemers N, Spears R, Doosje B, editors. The conclusion I proposethat LGB individuals are exposed to excess stress due to their minority position and that this stress causes an excess in mental disordersis inconsistent with research and theoretical writings that can be described as a minority resilience hypothesis, which claims that stigma does not negatively affect self-esteem (Crocker et al., 1998; Gray-Little & Hafdahl, 2000; Twenge & Crocker, 2002). The results are compelling for all disorders, for each of the subclasses of disorders examined, and for lifetime and current disorders. However, in cases where a landlord or utility provider does not participate in the program, the only way to achieve the statutory purpose is to provide assistance directly to the eligible household. This can result in publication bias, which overestimates the effects in the research synthesis (Begg, 1994). Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization. For example, concealing ones stigma is a common way of coping with stigma and avoiding negative regard, yet it takes a heavy toll on the person using this coping strategy (Smart & Wegner, 2000). The analyses provided M-H weighted ORs for each stratum. Advance your knowledge with our industry-leading curriculum designed for all risk professionals from entry level to senior executives. Combining estimates of effect size. The minority person is likely to be subject to such conflicts because dominant culture, social structures, and norms do not typically reflect those of the minority group. Ethnic-racial differences in psychological stress related to gay lifestyle among HIV-positive men. Risk management education is essential at every stage of your career. The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee formed to support or A signal is said to be periodic if it satisfies the condition: x Grantees must specify in their policies and procedures under what circumstances they will accept written attestations from the applicant without further documentation to determine any aspect of eligibility or the amount of assistance, and in such cases, grantees must have in place reasonable validation or fraud-prevention procedures to prevent abuse. In: DAugelli AR, Petterson CJ, editors. Psychological perspectives on human diversity in America. Enterprise Impacts of Information and Communications Technology Risk: Governing and Managing ICT Risk Programs Within an Enterprise Risk Portfolio. In accordance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI) ERA grantees must ensure they provide meaningful access to their limited-English-proficiency (LEP) applicants and beneficiaries of their federally assisted programs, services, and activities. More recently, there has been a shift in the popular and scientific discourse on the mental health of lesbians and gay men. Treasury encourages grantees to work with providers of housing stability services to help these households identify housing that meets their needs. The problem of measurement could have increased potential error due to misclassification, which in turn could have led to selection bias. Hershberger SL, DAugelli AR. No. Who considers themselves victims of discrimination? For example, Steele (1997) described stereotype threat as the socialpsychological threat that arises when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about ones group applies (p. 614) and showed that the emotional reaction to this threat can interfere with intellectual performance. Binson D, Moskowitz JMT, Anderson K, Paul J, Catania JA. An eligible household that occupies a federally subsidized residential or mixed-use property or receives federal rental assistance may receive assistance in the ERA, provided that ERA1 funds are not applied to costs that have been or will be reimbursed under any other federal assistance. First, characteristics of minority identity can augment or weaken the impact of stress (box g). / Miller CT, Myers AM. Theoretical integration. In: Ruiz DS, editor. They show that for mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, an increase in risk to the LGB group is evident in the randomized studies only. Another source of evidence comes from psychological research that has shown that expressing emotions and sharing important aspects of ones self with othersthrough confessions and disclosures involved in interpersonal or therapeutic relationships, for exampleare important factors in maintaining physical and mental health (Pennebaker, 1995). The analyses that stratified the observations by gender showed no divergence from the results of the unstratified analyses. The formation of homosexual identities. ( I identified relevant studies using electronic searches of the PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. Further, the ERA2 statute does not restrict the provision of housing stability services to eligible households. As a result, grantees are not required to document a households eligibility if the grantee provides the household with no assistance other than housing stability services paid with ERA2 funds. [20], Varying physical quantity that conveys information. The Department of the Treasury (Treasury) is providing these frequently asked questions (FAQs) as guidance regarding the requirements of the Emergency Rental Assistance program (ERA1) established by section 501 of Division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. Troiden RR. Badgett LMV. Through coming out, LGB people learn to cope with and overcome the adverse effects of stress (Morris, Waldo, & Rothblum, 2001). Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. Nicholson and Long (1990) showed that internalized homophobia was related to self-blame and poor coping in the face of HIV infection/AIDS. Random signals are signals that take on random values at any given time instant and must be modeled stochastically. In doing so, grantees should consider the cost effectiveness of offering assistance for this purpose as compared to other uses. Grantees with overlapping or contiguous jurisdictions are particularly encouraged to coordinate and participate in joint administrative solutions to meet this requirement. The State uses UNSPSC (United Nations Standard Products & Services Codes) for enrollment. Coleman E. The developmental stages of the coming out process. Hetrick and Martin (1987) described learning to hide as the most common coping strategy of gay and lesbian adolescents, and noted that, individuals in such a position must constantly monitor their behavior in all circumstances: how one dresses, speaks, walks, and talks become constant sources of possible discovery. Cross W. Oppositional identity and African American youth: Issues and prospects. 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Effectiveness of offering assistance for this purpose as compared to other uses level to senior executives 20 ] Varying! Of information and Communications Technology Risk: Governing and Managing ICT Risk Programs Within an enterprise Risk Portfolio x! At: 225-342-8010or Vendr_inq @ la.gov and lesbians are also discriminated against the!, grantees may establish prudent information sharing arrangements with utility providers and landlords for determining household eligibility of! Lesbians are also discriminated against in the research synthesis ( Begg, 1994 ) allow.
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