Starting in a future version FTLDNS is going to check this setting automatically. Edward, thank you so much for such an excellent, well explained article. We can fix this with a sysctl option net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=53. Pi-hole is assigned the IP 172.30.9.2 on our internal network and gets attached to the real network with the IP 10.65.2.4. Certificate the certificate signing request you generated, Intermediate Certificate Cloudflares Origin Root CA file you saved, using the most up-to-date protocols the clients browser supports (note, for Cloudflares free accounts, ciphers are set based on your choice of protocol as listed, implementing policy mechanisms to guard against SSL Stripping and Man in the Middle attacks, enforcing SSL for all traffic (this is optional), setting the Minimum TLS Version to 1.2 this ensures only modern TLS protocols are used, setting Opportunistic Encryption to On this allows the client to benefit from HTTP/2 performance features if available, setting TLS 1.3 to On this enables the latest TLS protocol, if the clients browser is compatible, setting Automatic HTTPS Rewrites to On this helps to protect against mixed content errors (but note it doesnt necessarily rewrite all http links to https), configuring HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) this is one of the more obscure and hardest to set up settings, but arguably also one of the most important settings (to avoid SSL stripping and man in the middle attacks, as, reading and accepting the acknowledgement deceleration shown after clicking the blue Change HSTS Settings button, Enabling Enable HSTS (Strict-Transport-Security), Enabling Apply HSTS policy to sub-domains (includeSubDomains). Users of Synology products should be allowed to enable SSH for any user and for admin accounts they could add sudo privilege so they can do administrative tasks. So, the goal is simple: Run Docker on the Synology, and run PiHole as a container. Thank you Edward and Jordy! Just follow the instructions for docker and not specifically for docker on synology. To my surprise, there was no tutorial/examples provided for this Read more, Background If you already know what LUKS and hardware security modules are, you can ignore this bit and head to What Will this Cover below. The instruction below shows how to use and configure cloudflared on docker with docker-compose. I got it working. In fairness though, the same applies to the Cloudflare Origin Certificate. However, the way Ive got around it for Syncthing is to create a subdomain in Cloudflare (for example sync.mydomain.com, accessed over port 443). Click on this and the following window will open where you need to enter this list of IP addresses provided by Cloudflare in CIDR format. This site talks about using DNS over HTTPS from Cloudflare as the upstream DNS resolver for a Pihole, which has the added advantage of hiding your DNS queries from your ISP. We use cookies to personalize your use of our site. Are you sure you want to create this branch? The Prometheus metrics HTTP server apparently has a default behaviour of randomly generating a port to listen on. Food. The software on the Synology isn't terribly feature rich, and certainly doesn't help me with the adblocking function that I'm looking for (as well as defining custom DNS records for the network), but PiHole does. I did some amalgamation of both, and the container keeps crashing. Installing this was straightforward using the usual mechanism. Deploy your stack. You can just ssh into your NAS and run the standard command. You will probably also have to write scripts to trigger at boot and after updates, to ensure your edits are not rewritten when your Synology updates or reboots. 3. For this reason, you will need to access Pi-hole using your Synology NAS's IP address and a defined port. This article has been invaluable in helping secure it with Cloudflare. source: https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-apps/install-and-setup/tunnel-guide poudenes February 12, 2022, 9:18am #2 After some more search I found this way how to do it directly on my NAS: It downloaded the new image, shut down Pihole, replaced the image and started it back up. Use Cloudflare DNS (1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1) with DNS-Over-HTTPS Start docker run -d \ --name Cloudflared \ -p 54:53/tcp -p 54:53/udp \ srod/cloudflared-doh Update A CRON job is implemented to update cloudflared on a daily basis at 2am Resources https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/cloudflared-proxy/ Are you trying to connect via SSH? Scuba diving. This is very easy to do, you simply navigate to the SSL/TLS settings for your domain within Cloudflares administration pages, selecting the Origin tab and then clicking on the blue Create Certificate button as pictured below. Will Synology Drive, Backup station etc still work? Nevertheless, it is possible to set up a Synology provided sub-domain and generate your own auto-renewing trusted SSL certificate for this sub-domain within the Synology interface, as this video explains. The macvlan documentation shows how. # This allows Pihole to work in this setup and when answering across VLANS. Click on "Server Update Available" to download the right software version. Given this adds an additional level of complexity I am not going to cover the Authenticated Origin Pulls feature in this article. Now we could choose to just select Flexible or Full from the options available. Wiring up the basics Synology has a Docker distribution for their devices, which was a great start. You could then redirect your Cloudflare DNS to this subdomain through the use of CNAME record, providing full-strict SSL for your website. As shown below, you will have the option of letting Cloudflare generate a certificate, or using your own self-generated certificate (I personally chose to let Cloudflare generate the certificate). Using Docker on Synology NAS is quite straightforward and can be accomplished via a nice web UI. Now install the service via cloudflared 's service command: sudo cloudflared service install --legacy Start the systemd service and check its status: sudo systemctl start cloudflared sudo systemctl status cloudflared Now test that it is working! I would recommend changing the following settings: If you wish all your websites traffic to be over https, I would suggest you also enable the following settings under the Edge Certificate settings page. It works perfectly fine when accessing it through the NASs internal IP so has something to do with CF. I am currently completely revamping my home theatre setup using the built in reverse proxy server and some Docker containers. The certificates area will show all the certificates registered on your Synology NAS. I got this going easy enough. Some software and devices have DNS servers (usually Googles 8.8.8.8) hardcoded in them. If you go that route, CF will create the flattened CNAME record for you once they issue the "connection key". So now weve set up our origin certificate on our Synology device, I would advise you to make the following tweaks to ensure that (where possible) we are: To tweak the settings we need to navigate to navigate to the Edge Certificates settings within Cloudflare administration pages for your domain (found under the SSL/TLS menu and Edge Certificates menu, as shown below). 1:10 Download container image. To log the correct IP address, we need to navigate to Control Panel -> Security and scroll down on the Security tab until we see the trusted proxies button. For example, I found this not to work on a Synology NAS. There are some limitations to this approach however: For the above reasons I chose instead to use an alternative Origin Certificate generated within Cloudflare for my domain. The problem is the cloudflare/cloudflared Docker image doesnt run as root so it wont have permission to bind to a privileged port (i.e. Use cloudflared tunnel with env to simplify the usage on Compose file and on Synology DSM GUI. Use Cloudflare DNS (1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1) with DNS-Over-HTTPS Start docker run -d \ --name Cloudflared \ -p 54:53/tcp -p 54:53/udp \ srod/cloudflared-doh Update A CRON job is implemented to update cloudflared on a daily basis at 2am Resources https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/cloudflared-proxy/ If you wish to use a split DNS for your network traffic, the lack of wildfire support, and character limits on SAN alternative names is pretty restricting if you have more than 5/6 sub-domains to manage. We also get access to the Prometheus metrics published by cloudflared. PiHole and Cloudflare DNS docker-compose.yml: In this case, I am using Mailjet as my SMTP host to send me notifications from Watchtower when it does stuff. Then, you will be prompted to select a hostname site, which we have create previously in Part 1: Step 2. This all worked really great, until Watchtower updated Pihole. There is also an additional step you might wish to consider (Authenticated Origin Pulls) within the Origin Certificate settings page of Cloudflare. In typical home setups, the router is also the DHCP server and by default will tell devices to use the router as the DNS server too; an all-in-one solution. # Persist data and custom configuration to the host's storage, '/mnt/app-data/pihole/config:/etc/pihole/', '/mnt/app-data/pihole/dnsmasq:/etc/dnsmasq.d/', # 1. Please check your network settings." Depending on how your host systems Linux kernel is configured, this option may not work at all. With the internal network removed, we need to bring cloudflared onto the real network priv_lan and assign it the IP address 10.65.2.14. And it's pretty awesome. The URL its trying to access is: https://my.domain.com/webman/3rdparty/Virtualization/noVNC/vnc.html?autoconnect=true&reconnect=true&path=synovirtualization/ws/70e6f827-cc1f-43cd-b778-00fbf369c689&title=NS1&app_id=94930208-63f7-4a80-b7e3-2ed78e595da1&kb_layout=en-gb&v=2.6.0-12122&app_alias=. I currently work with CloudFlare and a Synology at home but not using only Full mode (simple). A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control. By default this is using Google DNS. Since cloudflared is now a dependency of Pi-hole in our setup, well use docker-compose to orchestrate this. The process varies wildly by router so I cant provide direction, but login to your routers Use your Synology admin account to connect. . Open Docker, navigate to the Registry and search for Pi-hole. Hi Jordy thanks, glad you like it! docker-cloudflared-tunnel Deploy your app using just a single docker command without having to setup a reverse proxy nor a single port forwarding. By default, Cloudflare sets up a universal wildfire edge certificate for your domain (wildfire meaning the certificate will be valid for any sub-domain you create), as well as providing an interface to generate an origin certificate (should you need it). This is fine, but for redundancy and diversity, well add the Quad9 DoH servers as well. Synology has a Docker distribution for their devices, which was a great start. I added some to stop ads showing up on my LG smart TV. As stated above, this option will use the host network interface. No more punching holes in the firewall and opening stuff directly to the internet, plus the ability to give specific people/friends access to only the resources they need. How to use Access Synology via SSH. But only allowing admins to use SSH forces us to open up our devices to bigger risks just to do non-administrative tasks that is very common to do over SSH. These docs contain step-by-step, use case driven, tutorials to use Cloudflare . All Rights Reserved. Learn more. DNS over HTTPS prevents this by doing what it sounds like: sending your DNS requests over a secure HTTPS connection. Deploying a new container comes down to a few simple steps: download the image and launch with required parameters. However, in some instances this simply isnt possible, given that Cloudflare will only proxy traffic sent over the http protocol. Pi-hole with cloudflared provides a powerful security and privacy enhancement to any network. cloudflared provides another type of security with DNS over HTTPS. The links to the certificate can be found on the following page. Tunnels are great for connecting one service (like your HTTP front ends) but perhaps WARP would be a better solution for connecting an entire network? For these devices to use Pi-hole, you need to update the DHCP server configuration. Pi-hole works by subscribing to various blocklists. Things were good, but then I wanted to do network-wide ad blocking (to deal with ads on streaming devices), but found that even if I specified an additional DNS server, the router would still advertise itself as a DNS server, as well as any additional DNS server I added. i just used the docker command they recommended. I have personally chosen to do this, as nearly all my traffic comes via Cloudflare, and in instances where it doesnt (for example my VPN which cant be proxied using Cloudflare), I set a different certificate for this using an alternative domain. It is also wise to replicate your DNS records before making the switch to make the transition as smooth as possible (just make sure you proxy any record that points to your servers IP). Full ensures all stages of the chain are encrypted, however, no validation is carried out on the certificate used for the second part of the chain (from Cloudflare to our server). Watchtower was a good choice, and there's no shortage of resources that discuss how to run this on a Synology (including another resource at Marius Hosting). So why would you want any of this when Synology offers QuickConnect and can manage Lets Encrypt certificate generation and renewal? Open Control Panel, select Terminal & SNMP, and Enable SSH service. With macvlan, Docker can create a new network that generates MAC addresses for containers and lets them have routable IPs on our LAN. Image Variants Usage Quick Setup: This stemmed from an issue within Pihole, where it had Google's DNS selected as the upstream DNS servers even though the DNS servers were defined as part of the environment variables. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. I created a cloudflare user and group, and gave it full access to /volume1/docker/cloudflared. This setting allows your server to cryptographically validate that a web request is coming from Cloudflares servers, stopping circumvention of Cloudflares security measures if your servers IP is accidentally leaked. Cloudflare One is the culmination of engineering and technical development guided by conversations with thousands of customers about the future of the corporate network. As such, you will need to consider the security implications of disclosing your servers IP address (something Cloudflare will notify you about if your DNS records expose your IP). There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. Of course, to validate all stages of the chain, you also need certificates that are signed by trusted certificate authorities (CAs). If the goal is to make the cloudflared DNS service available to the LAN, we want it on the standard port 53. Just one note which might help others with a dynamic IP, while Davids guide you linked to was really useful, I eventually ended up using Kirills script (https://github.com/mrikirill/SynologyDDNSCloudflareMultidomain) as it made it much easier to add multiple domains and subdomains within the DSM UI. Cloudflare also allows you to add entries for multi-level sub-domains not covered by the wildcard, as well as giving you a choice of expiry length (I chose the default 15 years, but the more security conscious may wish to choose a lower value). You can now proceed to login to your Synologys administration area to import the certificates to your server navigating to Control Panel -> Security -> Certificate as shown below. Click Next to continue. Dump Quick Connect and use your own domain to connect to your Synology NAS securely using Cloudflare proxy and SSL through Nginx Proxy Manager. Subscribe!h. We can inform Docker of this topology in a network called priv_lan that the host is connected to on interface eth0. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. It is then down to you to select the services you wish to assign to the origin certificate (for example, Synology Drive Server and any Web Station virtual hosts). If you for any reason don't want to use docker you can use normal daemon instead . It provides secure, fast, reliable, cost-effective network services, integrated with leading identity management and endpoint security providers. Marius Hosing has a great walk-through of how to do this through the GUI, so that at least told me it was possible. By doing this, we gain the ability to bypass Pi-hole if desired and still have the benefits of DNS over HTTPS. Most routers can be reconfigured to assign custom DNS servers to clients. < 1024). I wanted to map volumes so the config info was stored outside of the container for easy updates. If we wanted to, we could have multiple Pi-hole instances running on the same machine, each with its own IP listening on port 53. Since few devices support DoH, cloudflared acts as a proxy between traditional DNS requests and DNS over HTTPS. This solution proposed is complete with a Docker-compose.yml file that basically solves what I'm looking for. You might like to do a followup article with bot protection turned on as this will block some apps like DS-CAM from fully working (but can be mitigated with page rule to lower security on the websocket and API), Hi, Followed your guide which is great and works a charm (thanks), but Ive just setup a VM with the VMM and when trying to connect to a VM with the Connect button it loads the page but says Cannot connect to the server. Until fairly recently, this would have required purchasing of a certificate, rather than the use a free self-signed certificate. I have been using cloudflare tunnel (docker cloudflared) with a public subdomain set up for my Synology, and successfully used it to access DSM for a month without issue. Once youve added/selected your chosen values, Click the blue next button to generate your Origin certificate. When setting-up Pi-hole, it needs to be configured with the DNS servers it will use to resolve non-blocked requests. Mounting an encrypted external drive using the Zymkey. Ive tried it myself on my NAS but I found some limitations for my functionality. If you are using Synology's Firewall, ensure that you allow port 22 traffic. They both follow the convention of http:///dns-query for the lookup URL. The Cloudflare SSL interface has settings for two types of certificate the Edge (proxy-server) certificate, and the origin (your servers) certificate. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. To help you decide, an explanation of the workings and pros and cons of elliptical curve certificates can be found in this article (note either RSA or ECDSA will work with Synology DSM 6). However, for your convenience the file download links are as listed: UPDATE Ive since been informed that ECDSA is no longer supported by DSM 6, so youll need to use RSA. For those who dont know about Cloudflare, they are an American web-infrastructure and website-security company offering a variety of services at differing cost brackets. Read more to see how to. --dns=127.0.0.1 --dns=1.1.1.1 The second server can be any DNS IP of your choosing, but the first dns must be 127.0.0.1. Docker on the Synology starts the container back up, but since nothing has really changed, the same issue occurs again. Most home LANs use DHCP to automatically assign IP addresses and DNS servers to devices. networks: - proxy. A while ago, I got really sick and tired of dealing with the hardware that Telus shipped me for my residential gateway, and so a new "internal" router was added. The yellow arrow indicates that a new update is available. Awesome Compose: A curated repository containing over 30 Docker Compose samples. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. If you love Pi-hole, consider donating its ongoing development. The aim of our setup is to implement SSL Full Strict security. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. However, there's no DNS server running on the network at this moment in time, so the container shuts down thinking there's an error. This is desirable as firewall rules and lock out events may be effected if our server is not seeing the request IPs, potentially having undesirable security implications. You can then use it to expose: If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. I changed it to the ones supported by Cloudfare https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200169156-Which-ports-will-Cloudflare-work-with- and it worked! Pi-hole is configured to use the internal cloudflared as the exclusive DNS server. As part of Pihole's startup, the image checks for - and downloads - some binaries from an apt resource. mounted share on a NAS). I will try soon the part with intermediate certificates in order to pass to Full (stricit) mode. Installing this was straightforward using the usual mechanism. Create a secrets directory owned by root with mode 600, and any values you need to keep secret like your CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY, etc. use a local VPN (for example Synology NAS VPN services) to access any services that dont need to be exposed via port forwarding. So, well configure Pi-hole to direct all requests to our running instance of cloudflared. So when a browser tries to resolve ads.doubleclick.net, Pi-hole says: nope, doesnt exist. Docker is a lightweight virtualization application that gives you the ability to run thousands of containers created by developers from all over the world on DSM. Setting it up with docker-compose makes the setup portable. Also, we are going to use msnelling/cloudflared docker image because it has multi-arch support, so it can be deployed on ARM64/ARMv7 (such as Raspberry Pi etc). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Incorrect preload configuration can expose you more than it protects you (as, to ensure your servers IP is kept masked via Cloudflares reverse proxy, you dont expose your server by opening up unnecessary ports, you use a firewall on your server that only allows traffic over essential ports and protocols, and where possible, limits traffic to only trusted clients. Synology listening on port 5000 and 5001 No open port on router Docker setup: docker running inside Synology with default settings docker run cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.5.3 tunnel --no-autoupdate run --token <<MYTOKEN>> Cloudflare Access Tunnel setup: mydomain.com --> https://192.168.1.80:5001 no TLS verify What I observe is following: If you also opt for Cloudflare generation, you will be able to choose between either RSA (2048 bit) or the modern elliptical curve alternative (ECDSA) both very secure. However, Flexible only secures the first part of the chain (from the browser to Cloudflare) the traffic sent from Cloudflare to our server not being encrypted. Login to your DSM; Go to Control Panel > Terminal & SNMP > Enable SSH service; Use your client to access Synology via SSH. When Cloudflare receives a request for your chosen hostname, it proxies the request through those connections to cloudflared. However, make sure you check that compulsory https does not cause issues with your server (especially if enabling preload under HSTS, as you will not be able to remove compulsory https quickly if HSTS preload has been setup). For higher availability on a LAN, the setup could be deployed to multiple Docker hosts and the IPs of the Pi-hole servers added to the DHCP configuration on the LAN. admin interface and look for LAN and DHCP options. Their free service includes DNS management, a reverse proxy and basic DDoS attack prevention, as well as free modern SSL services to help secure your servers traffic. 2:48 Set the right. Hopefully Synologys forthcoming DSM 7 update may provide a better interface to easily add this functionality, without the need for shell access and custom scripts. We need to make some changes to the configuration for this setup to work. Run commands in Synology You should now have three files your origin certificate, your origin root certificate, and your origins private key. Trying to make a Google login API. Just need a bit more lifting to get there with a couple more steps. I have quite a few containers running, including Pi-Hole and cloudflared Home Assistant HomeBridge This is evidenced in the below diagram which shows padlocked (encrypted) traffic from the browser to the Cloudflare Servers (the edge part of the connection), and similarly for the proxied traffic to our origin server. This allows Pi-hole to talk to cloudflared without exposing cloudflared to the rest of the network. Pihole has a docker image, so it was a matter of configuring this. The instructions from the cloudflare site for docker are: $ sudo docker run cloudflare/cloudflared:latest tunnel --no-autoupdate run --token . This is not helpful, so we can fix that by setting an environment variable TUNNEL_METRICS=0.0.0.0:49312 to bind to all interfaces on port 49312. -p 53:53/udp does nothing). The script used an updated API, Cloudflare API v4. The hugely popular built-in image repository, Docker Hub, allows you to find shared applications from other talented developers. If any manual configuration is done to Pi-hole, that should probably be shared or synchronised between Pi-hole servers in a way that doesnt add points of failure (e.g. Any hints here? "TUNNEL_DNS_UPSTREAM=https://1.1.1.1/dns-query,https://1.0.0.1/dns-query,https://9.9.9.9/dns-query,https://149.112.112.9/dns-query", # Attach cloudflared only to the private network, # Internal IP of the cloudflared container, # Explicitly disable a second DNS server, otherwise Pi-hole uses Google, # Listen on all interfaces and permit all origins. Then on the Photos and Drive IoS app, when you put your hostname in, add a :8443 to the hostname and select HTTPS and it will work. So, the goal is simple: Run Docker on the Synology, and run PiHole as a container. Securing a Raspberry Pi using a Zymkey4 Hardware Security Module. Your email address will not be published.
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