Before we create those however, we need to setup our base tsconfig.json file. npm. Next, create a new file called pnpm-workspace.yaml. A: So the workspace setup seems OK, but the submitted name of the workspace isnt found. You should see an alert with the text Hello, Client User! The TypeScript project also shares a validation library between the frontend and the backend projects. A: Just delete the node_modules folder and retry to install the package from the monorepo root. Normally, to share a package between multiple projects, wed have to publish it to npm, but this would be overkill if the package were only going to be shared between a small number of projects, especially for proprietary or closed-source projects. Note there is a workaround for this by defining a different node linker. This simply causes pnpm to continuously display the full and interleaved output of the scripts for each package in your terminal. In the client app, open up the App.tsx file and update it with the following code. No, it will work anyway. Its a monorepo because we have packed multiple (sub-)projects into a single code repository, usually because they belong together for some reason, and we work on them at the same time. Before we finish up, heres a concise summary of how pnpm works vs. npm. First, we should install our root package dependencies. That is not necessarily the optimal way to deploy lambdas, chiefly because this results in deploying one lambda function that handles multiple routes. npm does a similar thing, so its not really that exciting, but I think pnpm wins here because it provides more convenient ways to run your scripts across your sub-packages. The solution is to use a monorepo! In our terminal again, we navigate back to the directory for the root project and invoke pnpm install to link the root package to the sub-package: Now we can run our code and see the effect: Note how the message is retrieved from package A and displayed in the output: This shows how the root project is using the function from the sub-package. It turned out that for various reasons it is fiendlishly difficult to develop a JavaScript/TypeScript project that is broken up into multiple independent modules. I dont know about that; to me, pnpm feels 10x faster. Eg test dir ./thepath. The most 'serverless' way to deploy a backend using functions would be to use different functions for different endpoints. The diagram below shows the layout of a typical full-stack, multipackage monorepo: Of course, pnpm is very flexible and these workspaces can be used in many different ways. We need to do one little tweak to our Next.js configuration to make it work with all our local dependencies. Now lets create our root project. For this, I wrote a little tool that keeps the TypeScript project references in sync with Yarn workspace dependencies: Update TypeScript Project References for Yarn Workspaces magically! Of course, feel free to tweak your TypeScript settings as you see fit. Or maybe you have some code that youd like to share between projects, but dont want to deal with having to set up and manage an NPM package. Off cause, it's optional. LogRocket also monitors your apps performance, reporting metrics like client CPU load, client memory usage, and more. Its full-stack because our repo contains a full-stack project. We also saw how we can share code between our apps. The first one well create is tsconfig.base.json. It can be frustrating and time-consuming to deal with. Q: Ive run npm install packagename inside a local package, and (in error) created packages\packagename\node_modules . Being forced to publish a package in order to reuse it conveniently makes for a painful workflow, especially if you are only reusing the package within a single monorepo. This section can be repeated as many times as necessary. Lets move on and examine the more advanced full-stack monorepo. To demonstrate with the basic example, well create a subpackage called A and create a dependency to it from the root package. Lets go ahead and create two new files. main. See above. Chiefly, using this approach will conflict with any packages that depend on reading files directly from their node_modules folder. Lets create the most basic folders. Open a package.json and add a reference to a local (already existing) package with the following. To try any of this code, you first need to install Node.js. LogRocket is a frontend application monitoring solution that lets you replay JavaScript errors as if they happened in your own browser so you can react to bugs more effectively. This is convenient because the backend and frontend will often be tightly coupled and should change together. Here for instance the goldstack.json file for an AWS Lambda. We can define an .eslintrc.json file in the project root and that will apply to all files in the Monorepo. This will install axios in the monorepos node_modules , and modify the ./packages/ValidatorHelper/packages.json . Nothing to show Open the monorepo root ./tsconfig.jsonand add the references section as shown below. Note that when the composite flag is enabled, running the TypeScript compiler should include the --build parameter: This default setup generally works very well. I became very frustrated working with npm. Lets start with our admin app. Solution 2:A: Inside the apple-package:s folder, open package.json . However, we still need runtime protection from misuse, whether accidental or malicious, by our users, and you can see that the call to validateTodo is still there in both previous code snippets. It seemed to be getting slower and slower. The difference, though, is that the TypeScript project also has type definitions. One can simply define a .prettierrc file in the root of the monorepo and run Prettier using that configuration file. Solution 1:Begin with deleting all files in node_modules\@suzieq . Inspired by monorepo-workspace. pnpms support for sharing packages in workspaces and running scripts against sub-packages, as weve seen, is also great. Use that script to directly trigger the HTTP POST route that adds an item to the to-do list. Now I believe I have finally arrived at a solution that has minimal remaining workarounds and works well for smaller and larger projects. Adopting tools that support me and avoiding tools that hinder me is a key part of being a rapid developer, and is a key theme in my new book, Rapid Fullstack Development. To make local testing work for an Express.js-based lambda, we can use the package ts-node-dev. It has quite a few noticeable improvements over both of them, including faster package installation, a non-flat node_modules structure, disk space optimization, and, what we care about, built-in monorepo support. Prettier is a great tool for maintaining consistent formatting in a project. You can see the end result under the basic directory in the example code. By declaring these in one central folder, dependencies do not need to be downloaded multiple times. Essentially, instead of having one tsconfig.json file in our project, we will have multiple ones, one for each module. Each piece (read: local package) of the product will have its own folder with its own package.json , tsconfig.json but use the monorepo's node_modules. pnpm is an alternative to npm and yarn. Lets add a new file here called index.ts. In section 5, well talk about the magic that makes it possible to share these packages without publishing them. This is how I have mine setup and it works well for my projects. Switch branches/tags. In this case, we are talking about a Git code repository, with Git being the preeminent, mainstream version control software. We dont have to run that full command, though, because thats what start:dev does in the workspaces package.json. In the full-stack project, the pnpm-workspace.yaml file includes both the backend and frontend projects as sub-packages: Underneath the packages subdirectory, you can find the validation package that is shared between frontend and backend. Make sure the name parameter of --workspace can be found in a package.json :s name field: This error can be caused by several things. No description, website, or topics provided. Clicking the button should give a page alert with the text Hello, Admin User! This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. # Just check tsc succeeds without creating "bin" folder: # Transpiles packages in the order listed *and*, npm install .\packages\ -w packages\, # Run tests for a specific package from root, https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/project-references.html#overall-structure, Each piece (read: local package) of the product will have its own folder with its own, The monorepo itself (the root folder with its configuration files, like, One folder per local package, located in the packages folder. Bit uses pnpm under the hood but automates a lot of the things that are currently done manually in a traditional workspace managed by pnpm/npm/Yarn. So to be super clear, do not do this (and if you manage to do it, see troubleshooting below for a fix): Does it really matter the reference to a download package is stored in the monorepo package.json vs. having it packages\packagename\package.json ? Add the following configuration options to it. AWS Lambda is well suited to deploy backend application code from a monorepo. You can also download the zip file here, or use Git to clone the code repository: Now, open a terminal and navigate to the directory: Lets start by walking through the creation of a simple multipackage monorepo with pnpm, just to learn the basics. Its also possible to use npm, see below. For bundling a lambda, we will also want to make sure that we use cjs as format and Node 12 as compilation target. To have it inherit from our base, we need to add the following line to it. incremental builds for faster rebuilds during development, automatic build of dependencies defined as TS project references when running dev, etc, automatic import suggestions in vscode for symbols within the current project or a referenced one (, base tsconfig.json, jest.config.js, .eslintrc.js, .prettierrc, path alias replacement during compilation based on configured tsconfig paths using ttypescript, and, Integration tests per SUT (system under test) each with its own docker-compose definition for dependencies (external or internal), Includes CI/CD pipelines for Github Actions (currently deploying to Heroku), Docker images built for integration tests are also used for production, run any of the scripts defined in the root package.json (dev, lint, etc). Q: Trying to work with NPM i get EDUPLICATEWORKSPACE. The React use hook would let use resolve promises within our React components and hooks, including on the client. Apparently, according to the benchmark, its 3x faster. Add the following lines to your new package.json file. Given this, I implemented a collection of lightweight scripts that allow standing up infrastructure in AWS using Terraform and perform deployments using the AWS CLI or SDK. ESLint provides sophisticated analysis of JavaScript or TypeScript sourcecode. Its a useful check during development to find errors, and its a necessary step for releasing our code to production. The p in pnpm stands for performant and wow, it really does deliver performance! In that case, one can configure Prettier and ESLint to only run for specific packages in a monorepo, by adding script definitions in package.json of a local package that can reference the Prettier and ESLint configuration in the root of the project. Then, we can be sure they are both on the same page regarding the data structures being passed between them. New JavaScript and Web Development content every day. As mentioned above, it is easy to use esbuild to bundle the code from the monorepo. There's an article about bit install that talks about it: Painless Monorepo Dependency Management with Bit. Q: I cannot run npm install axios --workspace=@suzieq/apple. In this blog post, well explore how to use pnpm to manage our full-stack, multipackage monorepo through the following sections: If you only care about how pnpm compares to npm, please jump directly to section 5. To have a single tsc to rebuild changed packages (but keep the others as-is)? c) Are the outDir setting tsconfig.json matching the main setting in package.json ? This is optional, but I think its the best way to easily see all the output from both the frontend and backend at the same time. You are not an admin.. Verify the success by checking that only a single node_modules folder exists at the monorepo root. That sure sounds relevant, so let's give it a try! Open up the file and add the following lines to it. With a monorepo, we can make code changes to both and commit to a single code repository, updating both components at the same. See https://github.com/tomnil/monorepoplate. For instance, when using TypeScript and/or React, we need to ensure that source files are transpiled into JavaScript before running tests. In your App.tsx file, lets create a new admin user and add a button to greet the new user. For example we add packages to our project: Note that this generates a pnpm-lock.yaml file as opposed to npms package-lock.json file. Support npm,yarn, pnpm, lerna, rush. Our next step is to create our shared project. Let me break it down. Monorepos enable you to put all of your apps for a project in a single repository, share code between them, and more! The next step would be to create the packages folder, where all local packages will be placed: This guide shows how to manually create all files needed for a package. You don't want to Its the same files that will be produced if tsc is run at the monorepo root. To let pnpm know that it is managing sub-packages, we add a pnpm-workspace.yaml file to our root project: This indicates to pnpm that any sub-directory under the packages directory can contain sub-packages. Coding tutorials and contemplations on leadership and philosophy. Thankfully it can be configured as easy as Prettier for a monorepo. You can try this yourself if you like. If you just want to get started with an already fully configured TypeScript monorepo for your convienience, consider using one of the open-source templates on https://goldstack.party/. You can also add the folder manually that not includes package.json by Monorepo: As Workspace. Please tell me if Im missing something! Otherwise I think most improvements can be made with respect to configuring the infrastructure in the template projects (see issues #3, #5, #10). If you dont already have Node.js, please follow the instructions on their webpage. To demonstrate dependencies within the monorepo: Lets learn how to create this structure for our project. Thats something thatll become more obvious as the size of our project grows and the number of dependencies increases. Go ahead and run. One can simply define a .prettierrc file in the root of the monorepo and run Prettier using that configuration file. This also creates the single node_modules directory needed in the entire monorepo. As an example, heres the package.json from the backend showing its dependency on the validation package: The frontend uses the validation package to verify that the new to-do item is valid before sending it to the backend: The backend also makes use of the validation package. Please find the complete script for this here: getLocalPackages.js. We need to add a reference to our shared project and update our project names. It will automatically apply to all packages in the monorepo. Next, create a ./package.json with the following content: Make sure the section workspaces is present, npm is dependent on this. We are now ready to start adding our projects! Have you ever worked on a project where each app that was a part of it was in a different repository? next-transpile-modules requires us to provide it with a list of all local dependencies, e.g. In order to develop code for a Lambda function, there are two things to consider: bundling and local testing. You need to commit this generated file to version control. esbuild supports TypeScript by default and will automatically resolve all local references since we have TypeScript project references configured. The ui-shared is made in the likes of but my package is of course much bigger. If that is the case, also enable the option disableSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect which will prevent the code editor from constantly recompiling dependent modules. We can simply define a tsconfig.json that references all local dependencies and Next.js will pick that up automatically. This blog post comes with working code that you can try out for yourself on GitHub. This works just fine, but for the sake of simplicity, that feature isnt used here. Note that the reference template and templates generated by Goldstack can be used without these tools for infrastructure and deployment. Then, the validation library in the backend does the same thing: it rejects the invalid to-do item. From there, it symlinks packages into the projects where they are needed, thus sharing packages among all your projects. Only tweak required to make this work is to configure the Prettier plugin for ESLint (see example .eslintrc.json). So what on earth are we talking about here? Now, all our local packages are immediately available without any changes to any files (want to know more about this? All we need to do it point ts-jest to the respective tsconfig.json file for each package (see example jest.config.js). NPM will list the conflicting files, just make sure all local packages has unique names. pnpm is much faster than npm. Verify the folder node_modules\@suzieqwas created without errors. As you add new JavaScript libraries and other dependencies to your app, youll need more visibility to ensure your users dont run into unknown issues. Conclusion. You can review all the needed changes from the initial to final commit here. To let pnpm know that it is managing sub-packages, we add a pnpm- workspace.yaml file to our root project: Its always a good idea to validate user input in both the frontend and the backend because you never know when a user might bypass your frontend and hit your REST API directly. Thankfully it can be configured as easy as Prettier for a monorepo. ESLint provides sophisticated analysis of JavaScript or TypeScript sourcecode. For this example, well be creating two React apps with Vite for our Admin and Client, and then having a shared project they both use code from. I prefer this to the default option, which shows the output from each script separately, but sometimes it collapses the output, which can cause us to miss important information. Using a monorepo for a full-stack project can be very useful because it allows us to co-locate the code for both the backend and the frontend components in a single repository. This is accompanied by scripts written in TypeScript that will deploy the lambda using the AWS CLI (templateLambdaExpressDeploy.ts): This allows standing up infrastructure and deploying using simple commands such as (see Infrastructure Commands and Deployment in the Goldstack documentation): Deployments are configured in goldstack.json configuration files that are transformed into Terraform variables for standing up infrastructure and picked up by deployment scripts as required. If you prefer to decrease control, basically the same result can be achieved through: Now, this is super important. 8 of the best things that I found during the week. Before we can do anything with pnpm, we must also install it: There are a number of other ways you can install pnpm depending on your operating system. Find an example complete esbuild configuration here: build.ts. What were doing here is telling pnpm that well have three projects that it needs to keep track of. GitHub - rhyek/typescript-monorepo-example Contribute to rhyek/typescript-monorepo-example development by creating an account on GitHub. You should try running these build and clean commands in your own copy of the full-stack TypeScript project. pnpm has a workspaces facility that we can use to create dependencies between packages in our monorepo. In my reference template, I provide an example that uses an Express.js server. Here, we will configure all the different projects that we'll have. Then, at my colleagues insistence, I started using pnpm and I havent gone back. In this monorepo I have a NextJS app that uses a ui-shared package (local shared code, not actually an npm package). pnpm also has a radically different approach to storage. TypeScript project references have chiefly been developed to help address the problem of long compilation times in large TypeScript projects. We can go from monorepo to meta repo by splitting each sub-project into its own repository, then tying them all back together using the meta tool. A great place to add core dependencies is here. Each local package has its own configuration, such as, Each package will be placed in a subfolder inside the folder, The monorepo config will be stored in the root (i.e. However, I have always been somewhat unsatisifed with my solutions - with them often involving clumsy workarounds and issues that would prevent them to scale up to larger projects. Now, this is where it gets interesting By issuing tsc at the top level, it can run through all modified packages and build them. The example shared package well discuss here is a validation code library that both frontend and backend use to validate the users input. The * means that we allow for any version. Note though that when enabling this option you will need to ensure that TypeScript files are recompiled when they are changed (e.g. Thats a lot of wasted disk space when many of your projects will share dependencies. The frontend and backend packages do implement start:dev, so when you run this command they will both be started. Skip to contentToggle navigation Sign up Product Actions Automate any workflow Packages Now we can create our actual tsconfig.json. Solution 1: This section is missing in the monorepo package.json : Solution 2: Have you actually spelled the name correctly? You should see some items in the to-do list. Here, we will configure all the different projects that well have. It stores all downloaded packages under a single .pnpm-store subdirectory in your home directory. Instead, every dependency used by any of the local packages is stored as a zip file in a special .yarn/cache folder. Heres the full command from the package.json: The -r flag causes pnpm to run the start:dev script on all packages in the workspace well, at least all packages that have a start:dev script! It creates symlinks under the node_modules for each shared package. Typically, npm will have a separate copy of the packages for every project you have installed on your computer. Please try out the full-stack TypeScript project for yourself: Now, same as the full-stack JavaScript example, you should see a to-do list and be able to add to-do items to it. So after each time, a local package has been created (or really, a package.json has been created/modified) then go to the monorepo root and run npm install (and optionally check node_modules for the updated link). Could not load tags. Okay so attempt #1 didn't quite work, but all the package managers have a feature called Workspaces, which npm describes like this: [Workspaces] provides support to managing multiple packages from your local files system from within a singular top-level, root package. While simple, I hope that this example shows you the potential of using a monorepo for your TypeScript projects. Go ahead and run $ pnpm add -D typescript @types/node Next, create a new file called pnpm-workspace.yaml. To start a npm command for all packages, just add -ws : If youve ended up in a position where nothing seems to help, repair the setup by doing these steps: Restart vscode :) Also, make sure the outDir setting tsconfig.json matches the main setting in package.json. This is especially efficient when running tsc in watch mode. Jest is a great tool for running Unit tests within a JavaScript or TypeScript project. pnpm has a very efficient method of storing downloaded packages. But in order to do that, tsconfig.json needs to be modified to list the package(s). Only additional configuration we need to provide is to use the plugin [@yarnpkg/esbuild-plugin-pnp](https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/tree/master/packages/esbuild-plugin-pnp) so that esbuild can resolve external dependencies from the local Yarn cache. Otherwise Prettier and ESLint will get in each other's way and make for a poor editing experience. ts-jest will also ensure that any error message will reference the line numbers in the source TypeScript files. Chiefly I think that Yarn 2 ('Berry') is still not as mature as I would like it to be. Note that if you want to have any shared React components, you will need to add React as a dependency to this project. This diagram shows the layout of the basic project with packages A and B: We have learned how to create a basic pnpm workspace! Do not use same scope name and project directory name. If this seems too basic, skip straight to section 3 to see a more realistic full-stack monorepo. Look in the example code repository under fullstack/backend/test/backend.http for a VS Code REST Client script, which allows you to trigger the REST API with an invalid to-do item. In addition to this, Yarn 2 ('Berry') gets rid of the dreaded node_modules folder that is conventially used in Node.js to save dependencies locally. Nothing to show {{ refName }} default View all branches. But there are also issues with ESM modules that are not yet supported in Yarn 2. For most new (and even some old) projects, Ive replaced npm with pnpm and my working life is so much better for it. This guide shows the step by step to manully setup a monorepo with NPM + TypeScript. Another remaining limitation is the need to run the utils-typescript-references tool manually after changing the dependencies between local packages (to keep workspace dependencies and TypeScript project references in sync). This will enable starting a server locally and automatically reload it on changes to any files in the monorepo (see package.json). Ashley Davis is a software craftsman and author. The default setup for each project is fine. There are many ways to develop, deploy and test Node.js lambda functions. So npm recommends to use file references: This command will give something like this in the package.json and it doesnt really give any advantages. For example, in the root workspace, we can invoke start:dev just for the frontend, like this: We can target any script to any sub-package using the --filter flag. With a index.ts that exports all of the components and shared utils. To demonstrate with the basic example, we'll create a subpackage called A and create a dependency to it from the root package. Unfortunately, I was not able to find a framework that met my requirements for setting up infrastructure and deployment. This demo project will be named SuzieQ. by running the TypeScript compiler in watch mode). Well call our project basic, which lines up with code that you can find in GitHub. Try entering some text and click Add todo item to add items to your to-do list. I will endavour to make this easier in the future and hope that this will encourage more contributions to the project. Support for ESM for instance would be awesome, the lack of which caused me some problems in trying to make Svelte work within the monorepo. Next, create a ./tsconfig.json with the following content. At this point, its possible to check that everything seems OK. Running tsc here should transpile without errors, and produce a bin folder containing two files: index.js and types.d.ts . In TypeScript, named constants can be created by using an enum or with a union of string literal types. This is especially useful in a monorepo, since it is likely that multiple local packages use the same dependencies. Unfortunately a few challenges remain in using Yarn 2 workspaces. Describe one thing youre learning in class today. Trying to add an empty to-do item to the list shows an alert in the browser; the validation library in the frontend has prevented you from adding an invalid to-do item. It returns a Promise with the results of the promises passed in. The full-stack TypeScript project contains another good example of running a script on all sub-packages. Next.js is a very powerful framework for React development and it is not too difficult to make this framework work in a TypeScript monorepo. If youre looking for a fuller picture, check out this post. The first step is to create a directory for the project: Ill just use mkdir from now on; if you are on Windows, please remember to use md instead. To start, create a new folder called shared and add a new package.json file to it. The TypeScript version of the validation library contains interfaces that define a common data structure shared between frontend and backend: These types are defined in the index.ts file from the validation library and are used in the frontend to validate the structure of the data we are sending to the backend at compile time, via HTTP POST: The types are also used in the backend to validate (again, at compile time) the structure of the data we are receiving from the frontend via HTTP POST: We now have some compile-time validation for the data structures we are sharing between frontend and backend.
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